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Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor : ウィキペディア英語版
Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor


The Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor, was a naval action during a naval blockade which took place in Tripoli Harbor in 1804. The battle is part of the First Barbary War between forces of the United States and the forces of Tripoli.
==Background==
Commodore Edward Preble had assumed command of the U.S. Mediterranean Squadron in 1803. By October of that year Preble had begun a blockade of Tripoli harbor. The first significant action of the blockade came on 31 October when ran aground on an uncharted coral reef and the Tripolitan Navy was able to capture the ship along with its crew and Captain William Bainbridge. ''Philadelphia'' was turned against the Americans and anchored in the harbor as a gun battery.
On the night of 16 February 1804, a small contingent of U.S. Marines in a captured Tripolitan ketch rechristened and led by Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, Jr. were able to deceive the guards on board ''Philadelphia'' and float close enough to board the captured ship. Decatur's men stormed the vessel and decimated the Tripolitan sailors standing guard. To complete the daring raid, Decatur's party set fire to ''Philadelphia'', denying her use to the enemy. Decatur's bravery in action made him one of the first American military heroes since the Revolutionary War. The British Admiral Horatio Nelson, himself known as a man of action and bravery, is said to have called this "the most bold and daring act of the age.〔Tucker, Spencer. ''(Stephen Decatur: a life most bold and daring )''. Naval Institute Press; 2005. ISBN 978-1-55750-999-4. p. (xi ).〕" Even Pope Pius VII stated, "The United States, though in their infancy, have done more to humble the anti-Christian barbarians on the African coast than all the European states had done...〔Anthony, Irvin. ''Decatur''. Charles Scribner's Sons; 1931. p. 153〕"

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